The population of Britain is at present nearing 60 million people, a figure which shows a substantial increase from the 1991 census statistic of approximately 55 million. The concentration of individual ethnic groups is even more extreme. Greater Britain contains:

Over 80 per cent of the total Black African population

Nearly 60 per cent of the Black-Caribbean population

Less than 20 per cent of the Pakistani population


Nearly half of the Pakistani population live in the metropolitan counties of:

Greater Manchester

West Yorkshire

West Midlands

Everyone needs to plan ahead of time for retirement even before working. People are spending more each day and living longer, so it is very important to think about how and when to save up for retirement fund and how long will it takes. The basic State Pension will help each individual to get head starts, but to have a luxurious retirement sum that individual will have to think about a second pension which is an occupational pension.

Another word for public pension is retirement pension. The retirement pension is paid under the Quebec Pension Plan. It is a part of the basic income that each individual receives as early as age 60 if that person contributes to the plan. By the age of 65, the Old Age Security Pension is paid by the federal government and it is added to the retirement pension as it goes. The retirement pension and the Old Age Security Pension may come from other sources of income such as supplemental pension plans, commonly calls “pension funds”, and registered retirement savings plans. According to Mona J. Kessinger a sale representative from Regie says, “The amount to which you will be entitled at age 60 or the date of the statement and at age 65 on the basis of the earnings recorded and the amount to which you will be entitled at age 60 – or the date of the statement – and at age 65 if you continue to contribute on earnings similar to those already recorded.” The sooner the person joins the plan the better the outcome will be for that person by the time he or she retires.

An occupational pension scheme is an arrangement set up by some employers to give their employees pensions when they retire. Occupational pension may also pay each individual tax-free lump sum when that person retires and even provides benefit for those person intermediate family members when he or she dies. There are two main types of occupational pension scheme and they are salary related schemes also known as “define-benefit” scheme and money purchase schemes as known as “defined contribution” scheme. Salary-related scheme is the number of years each individual belong to the scheme as an employee and how much that individual earn. Usually each individual has to pay contributions into the scheme on top of those that your employer pays. Money purchase scheme is the employee contributions (together with the employee’s employers) are invested. The pension that the employee gets is based on the total payments into the pension fund, and how well these investments have done. In most case, the longer the employee’s payments have invested, the larger the pension that the employee will get toward the end of the employee’s retirement. Most money purchase schemes operate by allowing the employee to use the money that the employee has built up in the scheme to buy an annuity from an insurance company- an agreement to pay the employee a pension for life- when the employee retires.

Many employees are afraid that if a salary-related scheme has to wind up. What will happen to their money and will they be able to get their full share of money back? In order for a scheme to wind up the causes may be:

An employer may decide to stop contributing to the scheme

An employer may become insolvent and this may lead to the scheme being wound up.

The scheme’s trustees may decide to wind up the scheme.

When a salary-related scheme winds up, the trustees of the schemes have to find a way to pay what is owed to the scheme members using the scheme’s current funds. Sometimes there may not be enough funds to reimburse everyone back and if that happened it will become a debt for the employer owes the scheme. This allows trustees to take action to chase the debt.

Start planning for retirement plan once you start working for a company. The earlier you start the better reward you will get toward the end. Also, try to purchase two different types of retirement plan just in case one of them will not be as beneficiaries as the other one.

Before the National Health System more than half the population mainly women, children and the elderly had no health coverage. The cost of the health coverage was so high not much people could afford it for all the family members. The only one that could afford healthcare was the workers and wealthy people. But luckily, over the past several years NHS has increased its commitment to the large-scale expansion of managed care within Medi-Cal in order to improve recipient access to quality preventive and primary health care service in a cost-effective manner. The commitment that NHS was “to require Medi-Cal to place an emphasis on efforts to arrange and encourage access to health care through enrollment in organized, managed care plans of the type available to the general public.” The expansion of managed care created a need for the availability of significantly enhanced information about the Medi-Cal program.

One of the key goals of the managed care program is to improve access to services for the Medi-Cal beneficiary. According to the MIS/DSS system, “it provides clear reporting of service locations and access compared to the population being served. Additionally, the system supports the reporting or provider information across all sites of care regardless of the payment mechanism.” All of these features maintain the active management of the health care service program for Medi-Cal beneficiaries. The system heartens the efficient and effective use of the health care resources. Improvements in efficiency and effectiveness directly translate into dollars saved in the provision of care.