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Martell's PRIME SITES: World History
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| This annotated list
contains selected History websites organized around a set of four themes: countries, events,
individuals, and periods. No attempt has been made to be exhaustive. Typically very few
sites are listed in comparison to the number of sites actually available. The quality of
the site and the availability of images and substantive text are primary considerations. |
| Stunning (visual impact) |
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| Essential |
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| Excellent |
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| Highly exceptional |
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Tombs and Mummies
Death in Ancient Egypt
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This electronic text by
Alexandra O'Brien is well-designed text and has wonderful, fully annotated images,
suggested readings, and list of sites.
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Egyptian Royal Tombs of the New Kingdom
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A 17-page essay with
cross-links to supporting material, fine images, and a wonderful set of tomb plans clearly labeled and described. The creator Kelley Ross
has developed a very good site.
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| Egyptology Resources |
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A Newton Institute of the University of Cambridge website with an excellent "Essential reference materials for Egyptology." It also has links to personal web-logs and photographs. |
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Guardian's Egypt: Mummies |
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Mummies on the Web consists of
an excellent list of 20 sites. Included are the British Museum, Carnegie Museum of Natural
History, Manchester Museum, and National Geographic. The list is annotated.
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The Tomb of Senneferi
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Discusses an ongoing
excavation in Egypt: what the tomb is, how archaeology is done, what is found, and other
topics. There are conservation records from the years 1993-1997, a section on wall
paintings, and a brief description of Senneferi and his family. Altogether this is an
intelligently constructed and designed site.
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Who Was Who Among the Royal Mummies
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An article with graphic images
by Edward Wente (University of Chicago) from the Winter 1995 issue of the Oriental
Institute News and Notes.
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Ancient Olympics
| The Ancient Olympics |
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An appealing well-designed site which is a Special Exhibit of the Perseus Digital Library Project. |
| The Ancient Olympics |
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This site from the Classics Technology Center has good descriptions, including ten of Olympic events, and texts, images, and links to other sites. A good starting point. |
| The Ancient Olympics |
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This most attractive site is divided into five sections: Background, Olympia, Games, Events & Athletes, and Impact. Beside the Olympics there were other athletic venues in Ancient Greece, eleven of which are described. The organization of these venues is discussed. Twenty-three buildings at Olympia are briefly described. Short biographies are provided for sixteen famous athletes. Several events are noted. The ideology of sport is discussed and some contemporary opinions on the subject are mentioned. The impact of the Ancient Olympics on future games is also discussed. Images are used freely, adding to the attractiveness of this site. |
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Olympics Statistics and History |
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Billed as the largest Olympics Statistics and History Database Online. Unfortunately the history only goes back to 1896 but if statistics of all the games since then are of interest this site should be viewed. |
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Wikipedia Olympic Games |
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This site has good coverage from the ancient games to the present. It also has excellent links to many of the individuals and events cited. |
Vikings
| Jorvik Viking Centre |
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A visually attractive site with descriptions of Viking life. One page entitled "Downloads" has links to ten short articles, including shipbuilding and coins. |
| The Mariner's Museum |
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Brief descriptions of Viking explorers, discoveries, and ships with a few links. |
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Regia Anglorum - Anglo-Saxon, Viking, Norman, and British Living History |
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Covers Early Medieval Europe
in general and Anglo-Saxon and Viking Britain in particular. Extensive number of full-text
articles by author with appropriate images. The site has a fascinating amount
ofdetail about the basics of everyday life, e.g., tools and weaving. Member with
links to Ring of Vikings, Anglo-Saxon England Ring, and Medieval Studies Ring. |
| The Viking Age History |
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Links to major themes in the Viking Age: (1) Daily Life, (2) Society, (3) Martial Arts, Shipbuilding, and Other Manufacturing, (4) Language, Literature, and the Arts, (5) Myths and Religion, and (6) The Hurstwic Library. |
| The Viking Network Web |
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Brief descriptions of some of the more important themes in Viking life and history. There are twelve maps of various parts of the Viking world. |
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The Vikings |
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A site describing Viking clothes, farming, burial customs, roads, shelter, ships, and other themes. |
| Vikings: The North Atlantic Saga |
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A very attractive exhibit at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. There is a map with seven geographical areas, each of which can be accessed by clicking on a number representing the area, e.g., Greenland. There is a video introduction and very brief material on archaeology, sagas, history, and environment. |
Crusades
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Crusades |
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A 22-page essay from the Catholic
Encyclopedia (1913) with cross-links. This site has good graphics that improve upon the straight text sites. |
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Crusades: A Guide to Online Resources |
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The ORB: On-Line
Reference Book for Medieval Studies site has eight short essays by Paul Crawford,
bibliographic references, and several texts from the period. |
| The Crusades |
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There are descriptions of six of the nine Crusades, the causes and effects of the Crusades, and two timelines. |
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A History and Mythos of the Knights Templar |
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This site has a commercial aspect that competes with the educational. Nonetheless, the history of the templars and their role in the Crusades deserve attention. The subject is divided into history, mystery, legacy and Crusades. Under "History" are eight themes, including Grand Masters, Origins, and Fall of the Order. The Templar Documents section has twelve documents from the 14th century. |
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Internet Medieval Sourcebook: Selected Sources: The Crusades |
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This excellent Paul Halsall list of sources uses a contents
outline format to link to a wide range of original and secondary materials such as a selection of seven original texts on the Evolution of Crusader Privileges, 1095-1270. Other Crusader sites are also listed in the Sourcebook. |
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The New Jerusalem Mosaic |
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A small nicely designed
resource with interesting graphics and brief descriptions of religious sites, costumes,
people, food, and water systems. |
| The Real History of the Crusades |
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A four to five pages essay by Professor Thomas Madden which attempts to correct [what the author calls] the all-too-common misconceptions of the Crusades. |
Mongol Invasions
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The Mongol Empire |
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This entry is from the All Empires Online History Community. There is an eighteen page essay with a list of rulers and a chronology. Although simple, the design is attractive. |
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Mongol Empire |
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A twenty six page Wikipedia article on the Mongol Empire. |
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The Mongol Khans |
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The main text has 18 pages with some cross-links. The list of the Khans by
name and the dates of their rule are major features of this site. |
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Realm of the Mongols |
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Contains essays written by Per
Inge Oestmoen on a range of topics including people and history. The essay on Kahn's
Yasa (Grand Law) is a 19-page recounting of A Code of Honor, Dignity, and Excellence.
Another essay is the 14-page "Mongol History and Chronology from Ancient Times."
There is also a bibliography and a list of links. |
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Virtual Mongol |
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A photographic site with many
images by the Japanese illustrator Kikutake Yuji. |
Magna Carta
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Magna Carta
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Complete text of the Great
Charter forced upon King John in June 1215 along with definitions and an interpretation.
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Castles
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The Castles of Wales
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Thissuperb site by Jeff Thomas has a fine design, unusual depth of coverage, and appealing graphics. Over 400 different Welsh
castles are in the site's database. The Essays & Perspectives section contains 8
historical overview essays, 10 essays on the evolution of castles in Wales, and 9
additional essays on a variety of interesting topics including Life in a Medieval
Castle. There is also a section on Castle Builders and their turbulent times. The project is completed and there are currently no plans to add to it. |
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Castles on the Web |
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History is
not this site's primary feature but there are many images and a list of other castle sites. It has a commercial slant that runs in parallel with the educational. |
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The English Medieval Castle
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Three
articles by David Dawson outlining the development of the English medieval castle and
describing its major features. There is a good use of images with the text.
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Fall of Constantinople
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Constantinople |
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This site has hidden strengths and a nationalistic slant. The Falls of 1204 and 1453 are described. There is a chronology of the many Emperors of the Byzantium Empire and fourteen short biographies of other notables. The architecture section has a macromedia flash feature and there is a photos section. Also see the section on Military and Organization. |
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Hellenism in the Middle Ages |
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The Fall of Constantinople is described in a 22-page section that
includes an excellent image of the battle, a poem, and a lengthy essay by Dionysios Hatzopoulos.
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Inquisition
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The
Galileo Project
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An impressive hypertext
source of information on the life and work of Galileo and the science of his time. A
detailed 15-page chronology of his life cross-links to longer texts and related resources.
Commentary on career, family, patrons, images, and Inquisition events are
presented in a tasteful format. Under the heading of resources there is the
Catalog of the Scientific Community of the 16th and 17th Centuries,
a searchable database of over 600 individuals. The biography of Galileo is 5 pages
in length.
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Inquisitio |
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"The materials featured on this website are from the University of Notre Dame's Harley L. McDevitt Inquisition Collection. The collection consists of several hundred items, from printed volumes to unique manuscripts and images, all bearing some relationship to the general theme of "inquisition." The Harley L. McDevitt
Collection website displays full-text material on Inquisition Manuals, Trials and Sentencing, Auto de Fe, Censorship, Familiars and Officials, Policies and Proceedings, and Polemics and Histories. This site now has material available online that may be considered essential for the study of the Inquisition. The Rare Books & Special Collections staff at the Hesburgh Library at Notre Dame are to be commended for their fine work.
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Inquisition |
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A fourteen page essay on the
Inquisition from the 1917 Catholic Encyclopedia. Some of the cross-links are substantive.
For example, the cross-link to "heresy" has eight pages organized into 13 sections. |
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Medieval Sourcebook: Medieval Heresy:
The Inquisition
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The Inquisition is
listed in the contents section under Medieval Heresy. There are 18 texts including a
4-page introduction by David Burr on Inquisition documents and a 22-page commentary by
Bernard Maury on the Inquisition process.
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Multimedia Catalogue - Room IV - Galileo Galilei |
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An attractive site withexcellent images from the Institute and Museum of the History of Science of Florence, Italy. Includes a
very brief biography of Galileo via a cross-link, a Biography Index with over a hundred people who
were in some way connected with Galielo, an Index of Artifacts with descriptions and
cross-links, and links to other sites. |
Revolutions of 1848
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Encyclopedia of the Revolutions of 1848
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More than 50 short
essays usually in the range of 2 to 4 pages describe events, people, and other topics such
as the 4-page essay on Civil Liberties and the 1848 Revolutions.
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Hungary in 1848-1849 |
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Six texts and documents, 5 of
which are chapters from Henry DePuy's Kossuth and His Generals (1852). Part of
the more extensive Habsburg Home Page.
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The Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Archive
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Contains full-text
resources by both Marx and Engels on the revolutions of 1848-49. Marx's Eighteenth
Brumiere of Louis Bonaparte deals with the events and aftermath of the revolution of 1848
in France and Engels' The Peasant War in Germany draws parallels between the 1848
revolutions in Germany and the uprisings in the 16th century.
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The March Days of 1848 |
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A fourteen page chapter,
"Frederick Wilhelm IV of Prussia and His "Dear Berliners," from Germans
and the Revolution of 1848 by Justine Davis Randers-Pehrson. |
Spanish Civil War
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The Spanish Civil War |
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This site is oriented
toward the work of Buenaventura Durruti and the role of anarchists in the Civil War.
In addition to resources on Durruti there are sections on bibliography, graphics, and
history. The bibliography includes cross-links to some full-text books and
pamphlets. The posters from a collection at Brandeis are wonderful. In the
area of history there are 22 well-chosen links including many photos from the book
Photo-History: War in Spain. |
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The Spanish Revolution (1936)
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The role of anarchism
in the Spanish conflict is the focus of this site. There is an extensive array of
full-text materials related to the subject.
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The Spanish Revolution & Civil War
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A provocative site with high impact graphics and a broad range
of subjects including weapons and military links, Catholic Church, posters, anarchist
origins, and bibliographic material. Essays and other textual material are often
extensive. For example, there is a 22-page article on the role of Catholicism in the
Second Spanish Republic.
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Spanish Revolution of 1936
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Contains a rambling
2-page commentary by Franklin Rosemont of aspects of the working class' involvement in the
conflict and a 3-page essay on the Abraham Lincoln Brigade by the site creator Al Filreis.
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The Visual Front |
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Includes 42 posters of
the Spanish Civil War from UCSD's Southworth Collection. Information about the
artists and descriptions of the context in which each poster was created is very
helpful. There is also a chronology of the war and an extensive bibliography with a
few cross-links.
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WW II Battle of Stalingrad
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Barbarossa |
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A thirteen page article by Bevin Alexander. Barbarossa was the code name for Germany's invasion of Russia. This Military History Online site has many articles on WWII and its military operations. |
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Battle of Stalingrad
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This essay by Mike Yoder includes sections on Operation Barbarossa, Operation Blue, The Commanders, Death of a City, Rattenkrieg, and Annihilation and Aftermath.
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| The Eastern Front |
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This is an excellent site with eight subject areas (e.g., timeline, commanders, vehicles, and battles) and lengthy, well-illustrated commentary on the major participants, weapons systems, and other essential subjects. |
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Operation Barbarossa |
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This thirty-one page Wikipedia site covers most aspects of the Eastern Front campaign and has a multitude of internal links. There is information on the belligerents, commanders, and casualities. The Battle of Stalingrad is a separate fourteen pages and can be found as a link in the introduction |
| Stalingrad: Battlefield Info |
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This is an interesting site. There are photographs of battlefield relics picked up by children during the seige; tactical maps and photographs from both the German and Russian forces; Stalin's famous order to his forces; a list of recently released NKVD documents; and diaries, songs, wartime photographs, maps, and a description of the battle. |
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WW II Resources
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The On-Line Books from
the U.S. Center of Military History section of this major site includes two lengthy
pamphlets on German experiences on the Eastern Front. The first is "Operations of
Encircled Forces" prepared by former German officers and the second is "Rear
Area Security in Russia: The Soviet Second Front Behind the German Lines" prepared by
former German generals and general staff officers.
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Role of Women
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Internet Women's History Sourcebook
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This site is a subset of texts
from Halsall’s three major Sourcebooks (Ancient, Medieval, and Modern). Access is by
country, region, and continent to a set of 5 themes -- Great Women, Women’s
Oppressors, Structure of Women’s Lives, Women’s Agency, and Gender
Construction. The site is well organized and the layout is exemplary.
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Diotima: Materials for the Study of Gender in the Ancient World
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A truly impressive site with a wide range and depth of resources.
There are extensive site- and web-based bibliographies, full-text essays, lectures,
journal articles, and books, course materials, materials for biblical study, and images.
Many Greek and Roman texts are available online in translation.
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Women in the Middle Ages |
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This attractively designed site has bibliogaphies, indexes, texts, and articles. There are sections on "Everyday Life" and "Writers, Musicians, and Artists." The site is maintained by Sherron Lux at the University of Houston. It was last updated in July 2004. Ms. Lux expects the site to have fourteen basic categories when it nears completion. There is also an audio feature. |
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Women's Studies: A Guide to Online Resources |
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From the On-Line
Reference Book for Medieval Studies this site includes an essay on "Medieval German
Women Writers (1100-1450)," primary source material, bibliographies and other online
resources. The section on primary source material contains 4 Latin texts in translation on
medieval women and background papers such as "The Desert Mothers I: A Survey of the
Feminine Anchoretic Tradition in Western Europe."
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| Women's Studies Resources: History |
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This site (maintained by Karla Tonella at the University of Iowa) contains five pages of links to other resources. Besides history the site has other subjects such as art, literature, and feminist theory. It was last updated in August 2006. |
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