The presence of animals and nature spirits at worship sites is reflected also in the ornamentation of the various gates, which in addition to portraying scenes of worship also include three dimensional representations of royal animals and nature spirits. Lions, horses, and elephants are prominent on the north gate, shown below left; the west gate, shown on the right, has royal attendants at the foot of the gate. All of these suggest that the stupa is attended much like the palace of a king.

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Updated: August 30, 2004

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