Design of Work Systems
Chapter 7 Key Terms
1. Job Design (298): t he act of specifying the contents and
methods of
jobs. Focus on what, who, how, and where the job is
done.
2. Ergonomics ( 298): incorporation of human factors in the design
of the
workplace.
3. Specialization (299): work that concentrates on some aspect of
a product
or services.
4. Job Enlargement (299): giving a worker a larger portion of the total
task,
by horizontal loading.
5. Horizontal Loading (299): t he additional work is on the same
level of
skill and responsibility as the original job.
6. Job Rotation (299): Workers periodically exchange jobs.
7. Job Enrichment (300): Increasing responsibility for planning
and
coordination tasks, by vertical loading.
8. Self-Directed teams (301): Groups empowered to make certain
changes in
their work processes.
9. Flow Process Chart (306): chart used to examine the overall
sequence of
an operation by focusing on movements of the operator
or flow of materials.
10. Worker-Machine Chart (307): chart used to determine portions of
a work
cycle during which an operator and equipment are busy
or idle.
11. Motion Study (308): systematic study of the human motions used
to perform
and operation.
12. Motion Study Principles: guidelines for designing
motion-efficient work
procedures.
13. Therbligs (310): basic elemental
motions that make up a job.
14. Micromotion study (310): use of
motion pictures and slow motion to study
motions that otherwise would be too rapid to analyze.
15. Work Measurement (315): determining how long it should take to
do a job.
16. Standard Time (315): the amount of time it should take a qualified
workers
to complete a specified task, workings at a
sustainable rate, using given
methods tools and equipment, raw materials,
and workplace arrangement.
17. Stopwatch time study (315): development of a time standard
based on
observations of one worker taken over a number of
cycles.
18. Standard Elemental Times (320): time standards derived from a
firm's
historical time data.
19. Predetermined Time Standards (321): Published data based on
extensive
research to determine standard elemental times.
20. Work Sampling (321): technique for estimating the proportion of
time that
a worker or machine spends on various activities and
the idle time.
21. Random number table (324): table consisting of unordered sequences of
numbers, used to determine random observation
schedules.
22. Time-based system (326): compensation based on time an employee has
worked
during a pay period.
23. Output-based (incentive) system (326): compensation based on
amount of
output an employee produced during a pay period.
24. Knowledge-based pay (328): a pay system used by organizations
to reward
workers who undergo training that increases their
skills.