PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION READING ANALYSIS ASSIGNMENT, DUNDON
Text: Undesigned Designer (Dundon)
Assignment number:__2_ Reading Assignment location
Pages:_5-7____
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A= |
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=per accidens series of drivers of rear-ended cars who were stopped at a light with foot on the brake |
|
B= |
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=series of drivers back in line each truthfully denying responsibility for the effect (running the light) |
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C= |
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=final, self-explanatory, source of explanation (of the front car running the red light) by increasing to infinity |
1. Read the whole passage for context and to locate the argument.
2. Analyze the argument on scrap paper, using categories A,B,C, into a major premise, minor premise and conclusion, constructing any missing premise as needed. For background see the 131 Handbook. Logic forces the missing premise to be constructed only one way provided you have one premise, the conclusion and you assume the author argues validly. ("Principle of Charity") Based on your analysis, assign "S" to the subject of your conclusion, "P" to its predicate and "M" to the reason which appears in both premises. Write S,P,M, in the blue (grey) boxes next to the A,B,C (or other letter) which you have decided function as S,P, or M.
3. Read the passage again and actually locate your proposed conclusion and at least one premise in specific sentences. The premise should read well with a "because" inserted in front and the conclusion with a "therefore."
4. Fill in the boxes below with the code letters from the boxes above to represent the SUBJECT, PREDICATE (of the author's conclusion) and his/her MIDDLE TERM. Complete filling in the boxes according to the instructions below.
5. Determine the figure, and validity of the argument (See 131 Handbook) and test by drawing the S,P,and M circles in the large box below to represent the argument.
To represent the author's argument choose and put the following in the boxes:
In the article boxes write "All", "Some", "No"
(all/not), or "The" after the "|" line.
In the subject boxes put the subject of the proposition (premise or conclusion)
using the code letter from the term boxes above .
In the copula boxes put "is","is
not", "are", "are", "are not" as needed.
In the predicate boxes put the code for the predicate of the proposition (premise
or conclusion)
Note that major premises can be either M--P or P--M. So I leave the boxes
empty for the major premise. P--M is the "second figure" position
. Check your handbook for the use of the second figure.
Now go back and decide what type of proposition (A,I,E,O)
each proposition is and enter it in the article box before the "|"
line. Remember "A" = All X is Y; "E"= No X is Y; "I"
= Some X is Y; "O" =Some X is not Y. Don't confuse A, I, E, O, the
traditional names for the four types of categorical propositions with the
scantron A, B,C, D, E code which I
italicize.
| AIEO| ALL,NO,THE | SUBJECT BOXES | COPULA (is,are,not) | PREDICATE BOXES |
|
____|______ |
- |
_________ |
- |
M&P (Major) S&M (Minor) Conclusion |
|
____|______ |
-----S |
_________ |
-----M |
|
|
____|______ |
-----S |
_________ |
-----P |
Do a circle diagram of your argument in this box:
|
. |
1. My S is A, B, C.
2. My P is A, B, C.
3. My M is A, B, C.
4. My major prem. is an A, I, E, O, prop. (A=A, I=B, E=C
O=D)
5. My minor premise is an A, I, E, O, proposition (Same code.)
6. My conclusion is an A, I, E, O, proposition (Same code.)
7. The syllogism is Valid (A), Invalid (B)
8. The figure is First (A), Second (B).
****************************************************
Second argument, location: Same text, same pages: Note, you may not be able to actually underline the conclusion in the passage. It may be an implicit answer to a question, or an implicit conclusion from an answer. This is the “argument” which causes the policeman to keep asking each driver until he finds the “right” one. The policeman knows, from this implicit argument in his mind, that the cause exists before he has any idea of who it might be, even a deranged poodle or mischievous 7 year old who took the car from the family driveway..
|
A= |
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=Non-rear-ended (blameable) driver |
|
B= |
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=driver who must exist (have existed) |
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C= |
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=sole final explanation of the known effect (car forced through red light) |
| AIEO| ALL,NO,THE | SUBJECT BOXES | COPULA (is,are,not) | PREDICATE BOXES |
|
____|______ |
- |
_________ |
- |
M&P (Major) S&M (Minor) Conclusion |
|
____|______ |
-----S |
_________ |
-----M |
|
|
____|______ |
-----S |
_________ |
-----P |
Do a circle diagram of your argument in this box:
|
. |
9. My S is A, B, C.
10. My P is A, B, C.
11. My M is A, B, C.
12. My major prem. is an A, I, E, O, prop. (A=A, I=B, E=C
O=D)
13. My minor premise is an A, I, E, O, proposition (Same code.)
14. My conclusion is an A, I, E, O, proposition (Same code.)
15. The syllogism is Valid (A), Invalid (B)
16. The figure is First (A), Second (B).
Remember "1st figure"= M's are diagonal . 2nd figure"= M's are on right.