B. Challenges of ecological transition  – aquatic to terrestrial

1. Weight bearing

- tetrapod pentadactyl limbs

2. Prey capture and handling

- buccal suction (fishes); prey seizing, or use of tongue (amphibians)

3. Respiration

- lungs

4. Sensing the environment

- eyes, ears

5. Excretion

- from gills to kidneys

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