Psyc 001 -- Exam 4 study sheet

General Points:

• Bring scantron sheet #4521 and a number 2 pencil to the exam. You will also need to bring something hard to write on.

• Make sure you have obtained all the class notes, and have read the chapter thoroughly.

• Questions will be true/false and multiple choice.

• I like to ask questions that connect material from the different sections we've covered. Don't just study to memorize definitions, make sure you see how all the information we've covered is related. The questions I ask require that you have a solid understanding of the material. If you feel that you only have a surface level understanding of the concepts, then you should work to deepen your understanding. We'll be building on this information through the semester, so plan on remembering it after the exam is over.

Study Tips: see previous exam reviews for tips on preparing for the exam

Overall concepts covered on the exam: (These are to guide your studying. You should make sure you thoroughly understand ALL the material related to each of these topics covered in class).

• Language & Communication
  • productivity
  • transformational grammar
    • deep structure vs surface structure
• Development of Language
  • Noam Chomsky's Language Acquisition device (LAD) theory (understand what supports the theory)
• Categorization
  • logical concepts vs natural concepts
  • classical model vs prototype model
  • conceptual networks & spreading activation
• Attention
  • attention is selective
  • attention is shiftable
  • attention can be automatic (e.g. Stroop Effect) vs conscious
  • What catches our attention depends on
    • our motivations and interests
    • Perceptual set
    • novel stimuli catch our attention (Treisman's Feature Detection Exp)
    • movement catches our attention
    • attention is limited
• Problem Solving
  • Ill defined problems vs well defined problems
  • Algorithms
  • Heuristics
  • Insight & breaks
  • Obstacles to problem solving
    • mental sets
    • functional fixedness
• Decision Making and Reasoning
  • loss aversion
  • perceived justification
  • subject to biases
    • confirmation bias
    • belief perseverance
  • heuristics in decision making
    • representativeness heuristic
    • availability heuristic
• Intelligence and IQ
  • definitions
  • types of intelligence testing (achievement, aptitude, and intelligence)
  • development of Binet-Simon Scale
  • Intelligence quotient & computation of it
  • normal distribution of IQ test scores
  • Stanford-Binet IQ Intelligence Scale & Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) -- example of items on WAIS
  • Theories of Intelligence
    • Spearman's Concept of General Intelligence
    • Gardener's Theory of Multiple Intelligences (linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, etc)
    • Horn & Cattell's Two-Factor theory of Intelligence (fluid & crystallized intelligence)
    • Sternberg's Triarchic Theory of Intelligence (componential{analytic}, experiental {creative}, contextual {practical}--know both terms)
  • Influences on Intelligence
    • Nature
      • Twin Studies & correlations of IQ scores
      • Adoption Studies
    • Nurture
      • Adoption Studies
    • Conclusions
• Motivation
  • Drive-reduction theory (Hull) -- need vs drive
  • Incentives (intrinsic motivation vs extrinsic motivation)
  • Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
  • The Hunger Motive
    • Bodily Factors that Regulate Eating
      • Mouth
      • Stomch
      • Small Intestine
    • Brain Factors that Regulate Eating
      • Ventromedial Hypothalamus (VMH)
      • Lateral Hypothalaus(LH)
      • Seratonin
  • Obesity
    • Biopsychological Factors
      • Heredity (twin studies, adoption studies
      • set point
      • basal metabolic rate
    • Behavioral Factors
      • Eating Cues
      • Stress
  • The Arousal Motive
    • Yerkes-Dodson Law
    • Sensory Deprivation
    • Sensation Seeking