Psyc 001 -- Exam 2 study sheet

General Points:

Bring scantron sheet #4521 and a number 2 pencil to the exam. You will also need to bring something hard to write on.

Make sure you have obtained all the class notes.
Questions will be true/false and multiple choice.

I like to ask questions that connect material from the different sections we've covered. Don't just study to memorize definitions, make sure you see how all the information we've covered is related. The questions I ask require that you have a solid understanding of the material. If you feel that you only have a surface level understanding of the concepts, then you should work to deepen your understanding. We'll be building on this information through the semester, so plan on remembering it after the exam is over.
The exam will cover material since exam 1.

Study Tips:

Study to learn the information at the level of detail at which I have presented it.
Make additional notes from your lecture notes.
Study with a friend: make up exam questions to quiz each other.
Cover information with your hand and see if you can write it out (and understand what you are writing!)
Apply it to your own life; make up your own examples
Refer back to and memorize the examples that particularly helped you understand a concept.
Put things in your own words

To do well on exams you have to overlearn the material: really know it!!

Exam Tips:

Make sure you answer each question (even if you have to guess on one).
On true/false questions make sure that you read each one carefully. Don't overlook one word that would change the truthfulness of the statement.
On the multiple choice questions, make sure you read through each answer thoroughly, and understand exactly what the question is asking. Eliminate answers you know are wrong.
Don't dwell on questions that confuse you. Come back to them at the end.
Read all possible choices for each multiple choice question, even if you think you found the correct answer right away.
Take your time! There is plenty of time to get through all the questions.

Overall concepts covered on the exam: (These are to guide your studying. You should make sure you thoroughly understand all the material related to each of these topics.).

Neurons (sensory & motor) and Glial cells - What types are they and what is their function?
Basic structure of neurons (cell body, dendrites, myelin sheath, etc.)--Be able to name each part of a neuron and explain its function.
Basic functioning of neurons
- resting potential
- how an action potential starts (voltage levels) & what an action potential is
- what occurs in a neuron during an action potential (steps)
- nerve impulses
- all-or-none principle
- synapses and what occurs during a synaptic transmission
- excitatory and inhibitory synapses
- neurotransmitters and drug effects

nervous system
- Central nervous system (brain, spinal cord)
- peripheral nervous system - What is the difference in the CNS and PNS? What does each subpart of the PNS do?
  - autonomic nervous system
    - parasympathetic nervous system
    - sympathetic nervous system
  - somatic nervous system
    - efference nerves
    - afferent nerves
Brain Anatomy & Functioning (and what happens if damage occurs in an area) What areas make up the brain stem, Limbic system, and cerebral cortex? What specific functions does each part control?
- The brain stem --
  - medulla
  - pons
  - cerebellum
  - reticular formation
  - thalamus
- Limbic System
  - hypothalamus
  - amygdala
  - hippocampus
- Cerebral Cortex
  - Hemispheres
  - Lobes
  - motor cortex
  - sensory areas (parietal, temporal, etc.)
  - association areas
    - frontal lobe
    - language association areas (Broca's area, Wernicke's area)

Sensation & Perception - How do sensation & perception differ and relate to each other?
- Understand the different senses covered (vision, audition, etc), receptor locations, the result if that sense is gone, etc.
- Adaptation - what is it and what are the general effects across all senses?
  - color adaptation - what is it? know the types of opponent-process cells. understand how that relates to an afterimage
  - temperature adaptation - explain what it is. examples of it at work
  - smell adaptation - what it is & examples
  - dark adaptation - what it is & examples
  - auditory adaptation - what it is & examples
- Constancy - know what it is and how its general effects across all senses.
  - size constancy - What is it, why is it interesting we have size constancy, and what information allows us to have size constancy?
  - shape constancy - What is it, why is it interesting we have shape constancy, and what information allows us to have shape constancy?
  - brightness constancy - What is it, why is it interesting we have brightness constancy, and what information allows us to have brightness constancy?
- Depth Perception-
  - know the different monocular and binocular cues and how each one helps to provide the perception of depth
- Color Perception
  - understand the trichromatic theory and the 3 different types of receptors (and how they allow for our perception of over 200 different colors)
  - know what color blindness is (3 types) and what causes each
- Pain Perception
  - what is pain and the characteristics of pain
  - understand Gate control Theory (how it works and what the problems are)
  - understnad neuromatrix Theory
  - understand the type of ways to measure pain (method of limits, signal detection methods, visual scales, verbal pain scale and numerical pain scale)
  - What are pain thresholds and tolerance
  - what is pain adaptation
  - imderstamd types of pain control
    - pharmacological interventions (non-opiod analgesics, adjuvant analgesics, opiod analgesics)
    - physical interventions (counterirritants, acupuncture, stimulation produced analgesia, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, anesthesiologic approaches, surgical approaches)
    - psychological interventions (placebo, biofeedback, hypnosis, imagery, cognitive-behavioral approaches, meditation, prayer)