Non Ideal Transformer (Real Transformer)

1.R1, R2 are Resistances of the Primary and secondary of the Transformer.

2.Leakage fluxes fl1, fl2 exist for Primary and Secondary windings respectively.

3.Permeability of core is not infinite. Therefore mmf is needed to establish mutual flux

fm in the core.

4.Core Losses are included.

5. The core saturates