Possible Essay Questions Bio 11 Exam 3 Avery

Acoelomates

Describe two evolutionary advancements found in Phylum Platyhelminthes that were not present in Phylum Cnidaria.

Describe the process called cephalization and explain why it might give an advantage to an animal over an "uncephalized" animal.

Briefly explain a representative trematode (or cestode) life cycle. Include a name and description for each stage, host, location in host and means of entry (or movement) into that location within that host.

Pseudocoelomates

Describe two evolutionary advancements found in Phylum Nematoda that were not present in Phylum Platyhelminthes.

Define a pseudocoelom and briefly explain two possible adaptive advantages in having a pseudocoelom over the acoelomate condition.

Briefly explain the Ascaris (or Enterobius ) life cycle. Include a name and description for each stage, host, location in host and means of entry (or movement) into that location within that host

Mollusca

Describe two evolutionary advancements found in Phylum Mollusca that were not present in Phylum Platyhelminthes or Phylum Nematoda.

Describe the structure and function of the molluscan mantle (or radula or foot).

Briefly explain the meaning of gastropod torsion. Offer one possible advantage and one possible disadvantage.

Explain the process of feeding in a clam.

Briefly compare (describe similarities) and contrast (describe differences) the eye of a cephalopod with that of a human.

Briefly describe the life history of a typical freshwater clam.

Annelida

Describe two evolutionary advancements found in Phylum Annelida that were not present in Phylum Platyhelminthes or Phylum Nematoda.

Define a coelom and breifly explain two possible adaptive advantages in having a coelom over the pseudocoelomate condition.

Define metamerism and offer one possible evolutionary advantage of this condition.

Describe the earthworm excretory system and outline the flow (give sequence through the various system components) of fluid from inside the animal to exterior of the animal.

Compare and contrast a typical polychaete (or oligochaete) with a typical oligochaete (or huridinian).

Briefly explain the reproductive process in the typical earthworm.

Arthropoda

Describe two evolutionary advancements found in Phylum Arthropoda that were not present in Phylum Annelida.

Compare and contrast a typical crustacean (or chelicerate) with a typical trilobite (insect, crustacean).

Define tagmosis and explain its role in the evolution of the diversity of arthropod body forms.

Briefly define and explain the process of ecdysis. Explain why the process is necessary in arthropods.

Offer a possible explanation for the origin and evolution of the insect wing.

Briefly compare and contrast the compound eye of an insect with the eye of a human.

Compare and contrast indirect development with direct development.

Compare and contrast holometabolous development with hemimetabolous development. Provide a specific insect example for each.